1.10

Describe these experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures: 

-Simple distillation 

-Fractional distillation 

-Filtrations 

-Crystallization 

-Paper chromatography 

Separating mixtures- is a physical prosses not a chemical process because it is a substance without chemical bonds and no new substance is made. So no chemical reaction has occurred 

Simple distillation – This separates solvent and solute from solutions 

E.g. Water boils before the salt, stream passes through the condenser arm and turns back into water, the salt remains in the flask. 

Fractional distillation –  This is used to separate a mixture of solvents. 

E.g. Water and ethanol (alcohol) can be separated this way. Ethanol boils at 78'c, water boils at 100'c . Keep the temperature at 78'c and the ethanol will boil and the water will remain at liquid 

Filtrations – used to separate solid from liquid 

E.g. Sand and water. 

Residue - The solid left on the filter paper 

Filtrate – The solution that runs through the paper 

Crystallization -  separate a solute from a solutions. It only keeps the solute not solvent 

E.g. Salt water, left with salt. 

Paper chromatography - used to separate the parts of a mixture into their components.  

E.g. different dyes in a ink pen can be separated. A pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper with spots of ink along it, and the paper is placed in a solvent which travels up the paper taking the colour with it, different colours will have different solubility so will travel at different rates causing ink to spread apart. This shows the components of the ink